How the heart rate changes during exercise:
When you exercise, your muscles are moving more and at a greater rate hence the muscle cells respire more. Respiration requires a continuous flow of oxygen in order to release the maximum amount of energy as possible from glucose. Therefore the heart rate needs to increase so that the oxygen is pumped at a greater rate around the body to all the respiring cells primarily the muscle cells. More oxygen is breathed in and blood is pumped at a greater rate to and from the lungs where it is oxygenated. More carbon dioxide needs to be removed from cells also. As a result the heart rate increases.
Adrenaline
Adrenaline is produced in the adrenal glands above the kidneys. It stimulates receptors in the heart which increases the rate at which it works at.
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